ASAS PENGURUSAN

1.1 HUBUNGAN ANTARA ORGANISASI DENGAN PENGURUSAN

sebelum seseorang itu meninjau dengan lebih mendalam tentang konsep pengurusan secara menyeluruh, eloklah sekiranya seseorang itu memahami dengan lebih jelas tentang organisasi dan ciri-cirinya. Kefahaman yang mendalam tentang konsep organisasi itu penting kerana pengurusan dan organisasi merupakan satu hubungan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Wujudnya sesebuah organisasi itu sama ada organisasi kecil atau besar, swasta atau awam memerlukan pengurusan atau pengendalian aktiviti-aktiviti organisasi.

1.1.1 Definisi Organisasi

Organisasi dapat didefinisikan sebagai satu unit sosial yang terdiri daripada manusia yang bekerjasama dan saling bergantung antara satu dengan lain bagi mencapai matlamat individu, kumpulan, dan organisasi.

Definisi di atas menjelaskan unsur-unsur yang perlu ada di dalam sesebuah organisasi: organisasi sebagai satu unit sosial, penyatuan usaha, dan hubungan antara seorang individu dengan individu yang lain.

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some of the Most Influential Persons in History

1. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

* 2. Isaac Newton - Isaac Newton was the greatest English mathematician of his generation. He laid the foundation  for differential and integral calculus. His work on optics and gravitation make him one of the greatest scientists the world has known.

3. Ts'ai Lun - He is traditionally regarded as the inventor of paper and the papermaking process, in forms recognizable in modern times as paper (as opposed to Egyptian papyrus). Although paper existed in China before Cai Lun (since the 2nd century BC), he was responsible for the first significant improvement and standardization of paper-making by adding essential new materials into its composition.

4. Johann Gutenberg - invented the printing press in the 1450's, and the first book to ever be printed was a Latin language Bible, printed in Mainz, Germany

5. Christopher Columbus

6. Albert Einstein

7. Louis Pasteur - He solved the mysteries of rabies, anthrax, chicken cholera, and silkworm diseases, and contributed to the development of the first vaccines. He debunked the widely accepted myth of spontaneous generation, thereby setting the stage for modern biology and biochemistry. He described the scientific basis for fermentation, wine-making, and the brewing of beer. Pasteur's work gave birth to many branches of science, and he was singlehandedly responsible for some of the most important theoretical concepts and practical applications of modern science.

8.  Galileo Galilei

9.  Aristotle

10. Euclid

11. Shih Huang Ti  - He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC. He undertook gigantic projects, including the first version of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system

12. Augustus Caesar - the first emperor of the Roman Empire

13. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

14. Constantine the Great - Well known for being the first Roman emperor to convert to  Christianity

15.  James Watt

16.  Michael Faraday

17.  James Clerk Maxwell

18.  Martin Luther

* 19.   George Washington

20.  Karl Marx

21.  Orville and Wilbur Wright

22.  Genghis Kahn

23.  Adam Smith

24.  Edward de Vere

25.  John Dalton

26.  Alexander the Great

* 27.  Napoleon Bonaparte

28.  Thomas Edison

29.  Antony van Leeuwenhoek

30.  William T.G. Morton

31.  Guglielmo Marconi

32.  Adolf Hitler

33.  Plato

34.  Oliver Cromwell

35.  Alexander Graham Bell

36.  Alexander Fleming

37.  John Locke

38.  Ludwig van Beethoven

39.  Werner Heisenberg

40.  Louis Daguerre

41.  Simon Bolivar

42. Rene Descartes

43.  Michelangelo

44. Pope Urban II

45. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab

46. Asoka

47. St. Augustine

48.  William Harvey

49.  Ernest Rutherford

50.  John Calvin

51. Gregor Mendel

52.  Max Planck

53.  Joseph Lister

54.  Nikolaus August Otto

55.  Francisco Pizarro

56.  Hernando Cortes

57.  Thomas Jefferson

58.  Queen Isabella I

* 59.  Joseph Stalin

60.  Julius Caesar

61. William the Conqueror

62.  Sigmund Freud

63.  Edward Jenner

64.  Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

65 Johann Sebastian Bach

66 Lao Tzu

67 Voltaire

68 Johannes Kepler

69 Enrico Fermi

70 Leonhard Euler

71 Jean-Jacques Rousseau

72 Nicoli Machiavelli

73 Thomas Malthus

74 John F. Kennedy

75 Gregory Pincus

76 Mani

77 Lenin

78 Sui Wen Ti

79 Vasco da Gama

80 Cyrus the Great

81 Peter the Great

82 Mao Zedong

83 Francis Bacon

84 Henry Ford

85 Mencius

86 Zoroaster

 87 Queen Elizabeth I

* 88 Mikhail Gorbachev

89 Menes

90 Charlemagne

91 Homer

92 Justinian I

93  Mahavira

94  St. Thomas Aquinas

 95.  Archimedes

96 Charles Babbage

97 Cheops

98   Marie Curie

99  Benjamin Franklin

* 100 Mohandas Gandhi 

101 Abraham Lincoln

102  Ferdinand Magellan

103 Leonardo da Vinci

* 104 Sun Tzu- was an ancient Chinese military general, strategist and philosopher who is traditionally believed, and who is most likely, to have authored The Art of War, an influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy

*105  Abraham Lincoln  - was the 16th President of the United States. He led the country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis — the American Civil War — preserving the Union while ending slavery and promoting economic and financial modernization